Running HeadSleep Deprivation - 1329 Words

Running head: SLEEP DEPRIVATION 1 Sleep Deprivation Adolescent Development St. Joeseph’s College Professor McCambley 05/08/2017 Stephanie Lino Sleep Deprivation Sleep deprivation can effect development in a multitude of ways; it could be mental, emotional, or even physical. In some ways sleep deprivation is a very dangerous issue that can cause adolescents to have decreased cognitive functions and an increase in negative thoughts and feelings, thus putting them selves in harms way. These effects can be detrimental during one of the most important periods in human development, adolescence. The article titled†¦show more content†¦831-841) The age ranges for the participants were selected based off of previous research regarding development during puberty; sleep patterns during college and the transition between adolescence and adulthood. The subjects for this study were otherwise healthy individuals subjected to sleep-deprivation manipulation over the course of two nights, with most of the deprivation occurring the second night in the laboratory. Prior to reaching a state of sleep deprivation participants complete the Stanford Sleepiness Scale or SSS (Shown in Figure 1.) to obtain a baseline. Figure 1. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale is a one- item scale measuring an individuals degree of sleepiness. Retrieved from http://web.stanford.edu/~dement/sss.html After complete of a twelve hour period of wakefulness they repeated the SSS and in the two hours following the participants completed an affective battery exam. It is noted that partial sleep deprivation was chosen because it may be more comparable to the degree of deprivation that is experienced in the real world. Participants were also asked to sleep for eight and a half hours for a total of two nights and complete the SSS and the same affective functioning battery. The affective functioning battery used the PANAS-C to measure affect, it also asked participants to list topics that worriedShow MoreRelatedHow Lack of Sleep Affects the Human Body Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesWritten Assignment #1 Sleep is as essential to the body as the food we eat, the air we breathe, and water we drink, it’s a vital necessity for human survival. Due to our spending 1/3 of our life sleeping, more than anything else, clearly indicates the importance of sleep to the human body. A good night’s sleep helps to restore energy you expend during the day, the brain is actively working while you sleep to create new pathways for areas such as learning, memories and new insights, helps yourRead MoreRunning Head How Does Sleep Or Rest Improve Memory?1711 Words   |  7 Pages Running head HOW DOES SLEEP OR REST IMPROVE MEMORY? 1 2 HOW DOES SLEEP OR REST IMPROVE MEMORY? How Does Sleep or Rest Improve Memory? 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The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman Essay - 1205 Words

â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Gilman examines the negative effects of the â€Å"rest cure†, a common approach used in the nineteenth century to treat women suffering from severe nervous symptoms (Bassuk 245). The text not only condemns the callous, medical treatment that the narrator endures, but, it also addresses the misogynistic beliefs and the resulting gender inequalities that endorse the use of such treatments. This theme is made explicit in the narrator’s persistent attempts to escape the authoritarian confinement, gender discrimination and marginalization of her mental illness imposed by her husband John, who is also her physician. The way in which male physicians treated women during this time period is challenged through the narrator’s lens as she struggles for freedom and for a life beyond the boundaries set by her husband. Through the minimal interactions that John has with his wife, John is consistently revealed as a superior and patriarchal figure to the narrator-rather than a romantic partner- which results in her subordination within their marriage. The speaker’s trivialization is demonstrated at the very beginning of the story when she admits that her husband â€Å"John laughs at [her]† but tries to vindicate him by saying that â€Å"one expects that in marriage† (3). Likewise, the speaker introduces John as someone who is â€Å"practical in the extreme..., has no patience with faith...and scoffs openly any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures†Show MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman1116 Words   |  5 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† written by Charlotte Gilman is a chilling portrayal of a woman’s downward spiral towards madness after undergoing treatment for postpartum depression in the 1800’s. 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The commentRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Gilman1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written by Charlotte Gilman, presents as a feminist text written in protest to the treatment of women by a male dominated society. The story is told from the narrator’s perspective, a woman who’s name we never learn. A woman suffering from post-natal-depression who is prescribed the remedy of the day, a course of treatment known as â€Å"rest cure†, in which the sufferer is confined to bed and not allowed to partake in the activities of daily life. This extendedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Gilman1582 Words   |  7 Pageshusbands want them to do, as well as what society wants them to do. Charlotte Gilman published The Yellow Wallpaper in 1892 and wrote this short story because she experienced the same confinement that the narrator did. 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Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editor

How does the director, Steven Spielberg, create su Essay Example For Students

How does the director, Steven Spielberg, create su Essay spense, and scare the audience in the 1970?s film, Jaws?Steven Spielberg, the creator of Jaws, uses many different techniques to draw in the suspense of viewers and to capture their imagination. These techniques include special effects to create tension, different camera angles to show facial expressions and group shots. The classic Jaws music, known by millions of people, also helps build up tension, to let us know when the shark is approaching. He uses colours, so that we can associate signs and symbols to forthcoming events, e.g. the colour red is associated with danger. We will be using all of the above devices to help analyse different parts of the film. We will write a custom essay on How does the director, Steven Spielberg, create su specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As soon as the film starts, from the title sequence, these techniques are being used. The music begins very quietly and slowly. In my opinion, I get the impression that danger is on its way, and, also, it is dark, which builds up the suspense. The opening credits are written a sharp pointy writing, which is perhaps suggesting the teeth of the shark, and its capabilities. As the scene changes, the suspense and anxiety increases, because we are now watching the film from the sharks point of view but, as the shark is swimming through the water, there is a lot of weeds in his way, which makes the audience very agitated, and the speed of the shark may suggest that he is anxious to get somewhere. The music then starts to build up, by getting louder and faster. This starts to get the audience thinking, and wondering what will happen next. It builds up a lot of tension and suspense, and you seem, to know that danger is getting closer. After this event, the atmosphere changes dramatically. It becomes livelier, and there is an old-fashioned feeling, as there is a mouth organ being played in the background. Everybody seems to be having fun, which does make them seem quite a lot more vulnerable, as they are unaware of the danger. There is also a large bonfire on the beach, which gives the audience a sense of safety, but also, fire means danger, so it makes you unsure. The large amount of people also gives you a sense of safety, but again this is dampened by the fact that they are in the dark, making them seem vulnerable, also this makes their vision very scarce, as it is the dark, and they cant see very far. The third shot reminds us of the danger, as you have pushed the shark to the back of your mind. The camera pans round, so that you can see the sea, and remind you of the shark, but you can also see the calmness of the bonfire. The waves give off a really eerie effect, the whole scene just seems to bee too calm. The next scene is off the girl swimming, but there is no music playing at all, and makes the atmosphere feel eerie. You wonder what is going to happen next. Also the girl is totally naked at this time, which makes her seem very vulnerable, as there is nothing between her and the shark, except water. She is also away from the party, which makes her seem unsafe. The camera then starts to switch from the girls point of view, to the sharks point of view. The girl is totally defenceless to the sharks capabilities, but using this effect allows you to relate to both characters. Next, you see a shot of the girl kicking her legs, and the camera slowly zooms in. This shows the view from the sharks point of view, and shows the audience that the danger is getting closer, which is certainly building the tension up. The fact that we do not see the shark makes the audience feel quite uneasy, as in a way we are uncertain of what the danger is. It also builds up a lot of fear, from our point of view. There are a lot pauses in the attack, which allows you to see the unconscious boy, slumped on the beach. To me this shows us that the girls only chance of survival is totally oblivious to the current events, and is unaware of her screams. Also when the camera switches onto the boy, it gives a chance to reflect on what has just happened in the attack. After the attack there is a sudden silence. I think that in a way we can associate this with a minute of silence, as they do when someone has died, as it is obvious that the girl has been killed. Again it also gives us chance to reflect on what has happened. At the end of the scene, all we can see and hear is the sea. There is also a calm silence, which makes everything seem dead. The second attack also uses these devices to build up the tension and suspense of the viewers. The scene starts off with a boy walking up the beach to his mother, but the camera changes its view. A red car can be seen, and also the young boy is wearing red shorts. Does this mean danger is going to occur? We also see an old lady, swimming on her own, and no one else can be seen swimming in the shot. The camera does focus a lot on the one boy, so, immediately, we think that something will happen to him, but we are unsure what. There is also a bit of contrast in the beginning, as there are several effects, which may symbolise happiness. There is very lively music and also there is a very playful dog. A woman is wearing a yellow hat as well, and this is the colour we associate with happiness. .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 , .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 .postImageUrl , .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 , .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449:hover , .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449:visited , .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449:active { border:0!important; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449:active , .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449 .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u896ed7af624abefcb7e491c3d8566449:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mahatma Gandhi EssayThe next event used in this scene, uses several different camera shots to capture the moment. Again, there is contrast in this scene, we noticed that there was no lifeguard in the station, which appears to make the tourists seem quite vulnerable, but there is also a lot of happy, laughing people, who are very unaware of the missing lifeguard. The following scene is also like this one, as there are many unaware tourists, but for the first time, in the second attack, we see Brody, whose expression is very serious, and he looks very uneasy. In this next shot, we see a man throw a stick to the dog we saw earlier, and in the background you can see the same o ld, vulnerable woman, swimming alone again. I got the impression that something bad was going to happen to her, because, although it is stereotypical, older woman seem to be a lot more vulnerable and especially as she is on her own. The camera also focuses a lot on this woman. A close-up shot and a track shot are the main camera angles used in this event. Both the boy and the dog run into the water, which causes a lot of splashing and, ultimately, this will attract the shark. The next event does not shoe any signs of danger, as there is only the dog swimming, but maybe this does show vulnerability. The camera angle used is a mid-shot. There are two things in this vent that contradict themselves, if what we say about the different colours is true. The first thing is the boys red shorts, which we associate with danger, but also he is swimming on a red lilo, which as I said before, is the colour we associate with happiness. As Brody continues to watch the water, the camera slowly zooms in on his face, which lets us see that he has a very worried expression. The way that the camera zooms in also adds to the effect. The reason for this is because each time a person passes in front of the camera, the camera gets closer to his face, showing Brody looking more and more worried. The camera then changes the changes the shot, so that you can see the beach from Brodys point of view. Again you see the vulnerable woman, and you also see the dog splashing, which may be attracting the shark. For a brief moment in this event, you believe that that shark is approaching the beach, as a man, who is swimming underwater, and is wearing a black hat, which is only just visible, and I ended up confusing this with the sharks fin. The camera then zooms in again on Brody, and you can see that Brody also thinks that the hat is a shark, as all of the colour drains from his face, and he begins to stand up. The shark hat is approaching the vulnerable woman, so people are adamant she is going to be attacked. In the background, there is a lot of laughing and shouting, which again proves how unaware everyone is of the shark. When the man emerges from under the water, you see Brody relax a lot, and he sits back down. I think that Brody believes that the shark was defiantly going to make an appearance. In this event, the happy background slowly disappears, and only the wind can be heard. A sunburnt man (red associated with danger) starts talking to Brody, which blocks his view of the sea. A close-up of Brody continues to show the audience just how worried he is. In the next event you hear an ear-piercing scream, but you see in the water that is just a young couple having fun. You see that this alerts Brody. You can also hear the sea a lot. When a few boys all run into the water together, they cause a lot of splashing, which again may attract the shark. You can see the young boy I mentioned earlier, alone in the background, and it looks as the he is struggling quite a bit. As the shot cuts to Brody, you can see just how agitated he is. The next event shows us a young child, who is singing have you seen the muffin man, which shows us that he is happy and totally unaware, and again you can hear a lot of splashing in the background. The dog owner keeps calling his dog, which is called Pippit, and he seems to be quite agitated, and then we see the stick that the man had been throwing earlier, floating in the water, unattended. Here, we start to believethat the shark has attacked the dog, but, as we find out later on in the scene, the director wad just playing with our naivety. The next event is where you actually realise for sure thatthe boy is going to be attacked by the shark, as you can see theboys legs kicking, from the sharks point of view. This actuallybuilds up the tension, as the camera view goes from a long-shotto a close-up of his legs. When the actual attack occurs, you appear to see it fromBrodys point of view. You can hear screaming, and a fountain ofblood spurts up. The boy appears to jump in the air, but quickly submerges back into the water. Finally, you just see the sharkfin. The camera turns to face Brody, who you can see is just realising what is happening. He looks concerned and helpless, andhe seems to be afraid of the water, but we are unsure why. .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 , .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 .postImageUrl , .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 , .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193:hover , .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193:visited , .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193:active { border:0!important; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193:active , .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193 .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uad7f407ae15d91bacb53105d613d9193:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Arts: Educating and Enriching Our Lives EssayAfter this, general panic kicks in, as people are beginning to realise what has actually happened. There is a lot of screaming and splashing, and everyone is stampeding back onto the beach. Everyone just rushes pat the little boy that was singing earlier, and the happy music is starting again in the background, which shows us that the danger has passed. All of sudden, everything is calm again, and you can hear seagulls in the background. The waves are now really gentle, and some blood washes up on shore, which is followed by the lilo, which has been torn to pieces. After this second attack, Spielberg slows down the action for about fifty minutes, but I have picked out five devices, that are perhaps used to build up tension. My first device is the reward sign. The sign shows that there is quite a high reward for the capture of the shark, which shows that it is vital that he is caught. The second device is the beach-closed sign. This is written in red, which usually means danger. I think that this shows that whatever the beach is closed for is something really dangerous. The next device is the shark book that Brody is reading from. This creates a lot of fear and tension, because it enables you to see just what the shark is capable of. When Brody and Hooper are cutting open the shark first caught, it creates a lot of tension, as you are expecting the boy to be pulled out, but nothing interesting does get taken out of the sharks stomach, the tension changes to disappointment. The final observation I made is the fact that a lot of the main characters are wearing glasses. People have suggested that this makes them look weak, as if the shark should not attack them. When the first two attacks occur, there are quite a lot of similarities, but that third attack holds a lot of differences. One of the main differences is the fact that the third attack took place in a pond (which is seen as being safer), and the first two attacks take place in the sea. In the third attack, you actually see the shark for the first time, but in the other two attacks, not seeing the shark does not make you believe that it is not a shark attacking the victims. In the first two attacks (especially the first one), the two victims seem a lot more alone and the vulnerable than the guy that is attacked in the third attack, as he has the company of Brodys son and friends, which is also another difference, as this time Brodys family was directly connected. The attack was also a lot more graphic the third time around. Even though, in the third attack, people believe that the shark has been caught, they are still weary of going in the water, because they are aware of what has been going on. However, in the first two attacks, people are unaware of the consequences that await them if they enter the water, and are more confident about going in. The third attack caused a lot more general panic, and although there was a lot less commotion in the water, than in the first two attacks, it still caught a lot more commotion from the spectators on the side. Again in the next part of the film, I have found six devices that I believe build up tension and suspense. My first device is when the fishing line starts to move and music is played at short intervals. This builds up tension, as it makes you wonder what is on the other end of the line. You can see that Quinn thinks its a shark, as he prepares himself for the shark to pull on the line. My second device is when the shark appears out of the water. This is the first time that you actually see the front of the shark, and it allows you to see just what the previous victims had to encounter. My next device is the fact that Brody goes to the top of the boat, as far away from the water as possible. This makes you feel quite uneasy, as you can see that Brody does not feel safe, and it makes Brody look really vulnerable. When you first see the shark leaving the docks, you watch them leave through a pair of shark jaws. When I saw this, I immediately thought that Brody, Hooper and Quinn would encounter the shark, and that it wasnt going to be an easy trip. Seeing the shark jaws also builds up tension. My fifth advice is when Quinn lies on the radio. He tells people on shore that everything is fine, and they have nothing to worry about, but at this point in the film, they are actually battling the shark. This leads the viewers to false pretences, as you can see what is happening, and I got the impression that Quinn did not want the people on the other end of the radio to know the real capabilities of the shark. I also got the impression that Quinn did not want any help, as if it would degrade him, he had to do it all on his own. My last device is where the music changes, and becomes a more happy song. This happens when the first barrel is attached to the shark, and this leads the viewers to believe that Quinn, Hooper and Brody have virtually beaten the shark, but in fact they are no where near.

Relationship Between Mental Disorder and Crime free essay sample

I also understand that plagiarism is an academic offence and that disciplinary action will be taken for plagiarism. | Relationship between crime and mental disorder Mental disorders have been related to crime and are being depicted over the media as dangerous and unpredictable (Tartakovsky, 2012). Pullman (2010) did an analysis of 211 females and 212 males that were in medical care and also had criminal charges. The study aimed to find the relationship between mental health and the transition from adolescent to adulthood (16 – 25 yrs) which is the most common offense period. Their findings were that the odds of being charged for a violent crime was increase by five times for those with conduct disorder, more than five times for substance use disorder and nine times for those with developmental disorders. So it’s no wonder that researchers are interested to find out if this is true. A crime is only a crime when society’s law is broken. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Mental Disorder and Crime or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of which Seigel (2008) describes it as â€Å"Crime is a violation of societal rules of behaviour as interpreted and expressed by the criminal law, which reflects public opinion, traditional values and the viewpoint of people currently holding social and political power. So knowing what a crime is, we have to know what classifies as a mental disorder. Kendell (2002) states that the World Health Organisation have avoided defining â€Å"diseases†, â€Å"illnesses† and â€Å"disorders† as it simply states ‘the term disorder is used throughout the classification, so as to avoid even greater problems inherent in the use of terms such as disease and illness, Disorder is not an exact term, but it is used here to imply the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms or behaviour associated in most cases with distress and with interference with personal functions. Due to the existence of many mental disorders, this paper aims to find any and all relationships surrounding those suffering from schizophrenia. It will cover points such as how dangerous schizophrenic patients are as compared to general population, impulsivity in them, subgroups in schizophrenic patients in sexual or violent offense, influence of comorbidity, early versus late onset of schizophrenia, and finally victimization. To understand the relationship between schizophrenia and crime, we must first know how schizophrenia is a disorder. For the sake of this paper, there is only the need to explain the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, which are faulty sensory interpretations such as hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder. These are known as psychotic drives which will be discussed in the later sections. Level of risk Mullen et. al. (2000) had findings that support the notion that those with schizophrenia were more likely to offend. They also found that they were not as likely to sexually offend as compared to their other offences such as violence, property damage and drug related offences. Eriksson (2008) have also found similar results through various literature review where those with schizophrenia were twice to seven times more likely to offend violently. Impulsivity in Schizophrenic patients Enticott and colleagues (2008) have found that impulsivity have been known to be linked to violence. Their participants are from a secure psychiatric facility (n=18) and were compared to healthy participants (n=18) where there were more males then females in both groups. They were required to complete a self-report measure of impulsiveness. They found that those that are violent offenders have shown to have elevated overall and motor impulsivity (Enticott et. al. , 2008). However, there was no association found for impulsivity and violence. This is in conflict with previous studies where they found otherwise. (Logan, Schachar, amp; Tannock, 1997) Hallucination and delusions is not the only motivator in sexual assaults Smith (2000) proposed that mental illness symptoms only provide partial explanation for sexual assaults as most schizophrenic patients do not sexually assault violently. The specific hallucination or delusion that drives one to commit sexual acts was also absent in most of those that offended sexually. They focused on the male gender as most schizophrenic patients and sexual offenders are males. The MTC:R3 typology subdivides men who sexually offend into 9 different types of which the author used to categorised those with schizophrenia. MTC:R3 is based on those who do not have metal illnesses but does give some insight as to what drives those with psychotic drives(hallucinations and delusions). They found that those with psychotic drives were sexual and non-sadistic which according to MTC:R3 description says that they frequently expressed their feelings of frustrations and desperation about their sense of social isolation, low self-esteem and inability to approach women or form intimate relationships with them. They propose that it’s due to their pre-occupation with feelings of sexual arousal or fantasy, and a desire to have physical contact with women which is the prominent factor that leads to sexual offending. Another study by Stompe et. al. 2006) aimed to find out whether environmental factors play a part in the genesis of schizophrenia and violent behaviour. Their sample was 103 of healthy participants, 103 of healthy offenders, 103 of schizophrenic non-offenders and 103 schizophrenic offenders. They found that offenders (schizophrenic or non-schizophrenic) came from lower socio-economic classes. They also found that parents suffering from schizophrenia were alm ost exclusive to the schizophrenic cohorts. Families with members having schizophrenia are twice as likely to have schizophrenic offenders then schizophrenic non-offenders. They interpreted the results in 2 ways that 1) those with schizophrenic patients may have a higher genetic loading in which there is a more direct relationship between mental illness and violent/offending behaviour, or 2) that living with a parent with schizophrenia increases the chances of neglect and the exposure to criminogenic factors. Early versus late onset of schizophrenia Pederson et. al. (2010) did a study of 148 patients that were discharged where their medical files and criminal records were being compiled and reviewed. They found that early onset group had been more frequently criminal and more versatile in their crimes prior to hospital admission than their later onset peers. Early anti-social behaviour was one of the two main independent predictors of pre-admission violence. This group had spent more than twice as much time in prison compared with the late onset group, had a poorer education history and were more often diagnosed with substance abuse disorders, overall seeming to exhibit more deep-rooted problems. Comorbidity Grisso (2008) reviewed past research papers where he found out that there is a relationship between aggression and mental disorders. He found that there is an increased tendency toward anger, irritability, and hostility among youth with mood disorders. For example, youths with depression would be irritable and hostile as compared to adults who become sad and withdrawn. Co-morbidity of conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder has been identified as increasing the likelihood of chronic and repeated offending during adolescence. About two-thirds of those in juvenile prison have 2 or more mental disorders. The combination of depression or anxiety disorder with substance use disorder will increase the chances of serious and violent offending which is far more predictive than substance use alone. This brings the question whether does comorbidity also play a role in those with schizophrenia? A study by Silver et. al (2011) found that those diagnosed with a major mental disorder plus a substance abuse disorder, and those with a higher level of functioning and psychopathy, were more likely to offend violently. Walsh, Buchanan and Fahy (2002) also found that comorbidity increases the probability of committing violent acts such as comorbid substance abuse and acute psychotic symptoms. Also having a mix of male gender, young age and lower socio-economic class would make the risk of violence modest as compared to having only schizophrenia. They further add that substance abuse merely increases the risk of violence and thus the risk from substance abuse seems to be additive. So it’s too quick to say that it is due to schizophrenia that causes one to be at risk of offending. Subgroups of schizophrenia patients who offend Drake amp; Pathe (2004) wrote a research review paper where they try to describe precisely the possible mechanism that may drive offensive sexual behaviour in schizophrenia patients. They reviewed the roles of early childhood experiences, deviant sexual preferences, antisocial personality traits, psychiatric symptomatology and associated treatment effects, the impact of mental illness on sexual and social functioning, and other potential contributory factors. They proposed that schizophrenic patients who engage in sexually offensive activities fall into four broad groups: (1) those with a pre-existing paraphilia; (2) those whose deviant sexuality arises in the context of illness and/or its treatment; (3) those whose deviant sexuality is one manifestation of more generalized antisocial behaviour, and (4) factors other than the above. Greenall amp; Jellicoe-Jones (2007) did a study of 11 men who fit into 3 criteria: Firstly, all had been convicted of a sexual offence or had engaged in antisocial sexual conduct that placed others at risk. Secondly, all were suffering from a mental disorder as per the Mental Health Act 1983. Thirdly, all had received treatment from Lancashire Care’s forensic psychiatric service during 1998 – 2002 inclusive. They used thematic analysis on the group of 11 men and found out that there are 4 sub-groups within the groups. First group was the â€Å"anger/violence† group where they offended with angry and violent intents that were brought on by their psychosis. The second group are the â€Å"psychotic drive† group where they are driven by their positive symptoms of psychosis to offend (i. . hallucinations and disorganized thoughts). The third group is called â€Å"sexual disinhibition† where they are not able to control their sexual urges and are not led by their psychosis. The fourth and final group is called â€Å"Paedophilia† where they would do indecent assaults that are primarily motivated by sexual attraction towards children. With the above two studies, it’s clear that there might be further reasons why schizophrenic patients are more likely to sexually offend as the two studies are almost parallel in their results and grouping. This could bring the need to further divide those who commit offences within those with schizophrenia instead of generalising it as those with schizophrenia per se. As there are other interlinking factors that could have led those with schizophrenia to offend and more so when they have a mental disorder. Victimization Even with the media portraying those with mental disorders as the bad guys, there are studies that show that they are actually more likely to be victimised than to offend (Tartakovsky 2012). The experience of violent victimization was common in the sample of individuals with psychosis living in the community in urban UK settings; 23% reported being the victim of at least one violent act over 2 years. Prospectively, the following factors were found to increase later risk of victimization – having had previous experience of victimization, having inadequate contact with family members, having become ill at an early age and having a co-morbid Cluster B personality disorder. The risk factors identified were independent of the individuals own history of violence. No information was available about the frequency, location or severity of victimization experiences, nor did we have information about early life adversity. The sample was drawn from urban UK centres and may not be generalizable to other settings; we lacked a control group. The main outcome measure was based entirely on self-report which may well be prone to biases. (Dean et. al. , 2007) Silver et. al. (2011) found that those who have mental disorders are more likely to be involved in bad social situations. Such as those with personality or adjustment disorder with substance abuse disorder were more likely be violently victimized. They theorised that according to the general strain theory, that being exposed to negative stimuli, including negative feelings such as anger, may lead to violence. Such as those with mental disorders (particularly involving hallucinations and delusions) are likely to introduce negative stimuli into an environment and may invoke aggression either actor in the course of interaction. Conclusion Even though schizophrenia does have a significant association with violence, it is noted that they only make up less than 10% of societal violence (Walsh, Buchanan amp; Fahy, 2002). There are findings that show that they do have an increased risk for offending. However, there are many interplaying factors such as socioeconomic status, genetics, family environment, pre- onset disorders such as paedophilia, comorbid with substance abuse disorders/ anti-social disorder/ conduct disorders. There could be a need to further divide schizophrenic offenders in order to make an effective treatment plan. Also, there could also be a need to focus the treatment around the motivator of the offense rather than the mental disorder.

Romeo And Juliet Open Response Essays

Romeo And Juliet Open Response Essays Romeo And Juliet Open Response Essay Romeo And Juliet Open Response Essay One reason Romeo is responsible for Gullets death and is own, is because he made the choice to go to the masquerade ball. If Romeo never went to the ball, he would not have meet Juliet. If he never met Juliet then he would not have fallen head over heels in love with her, enough to kill himself. Ill go along no such sight to be shown, But to rejoice in splendor of mine own. (1. 2. 103-104. ) in these lines Romeo says he will join Benevolent on going to Caplets ball. Romeo, not knowing one decision could create his fate, chose to try to meet new people instead of longing for Rosalie. Another reason Romeo is in charge of the deaths of himself ND Juliet, is he killed Table Caplet. Because Romeo killed Table, his cousin by marriage at the time, he was exiled to Mantra and could no longer see his love, Juliet. If Romeo walked away from the fight instead of getting in the middle, he could have easily avoided being exiled and could have stayed in Verona with Juliet. This days black fate on more days doth depend. This but begins the woe others must end. (3. 1. 81;82. ) in this quote, Romeo is expressing that this fight create peoples fate. He is also saying that the future will be affected by these actions. Romeo should not have fought and killed Table if he wanted to keep Juliet. The last reason Romeo is responsible for their deaths, is because he killed himself next to Juliet. Romeo should not have killed himself in the first place, but since he did, Juliet saw it when she awoke as him leaving her and she wanted to join him. Yea, noise? Then Ill be brief. O happy dagger, this is thy sheath. There rust and let me die. (5. 3. 183-184. ) in this last quote, Juliet expresses how she kills herself to be with Romeo. In my opinion, Juliet should have left with Friar Lawrence so she loud join the nunnery.

Stress & Technology essays

Stress & Technology essays Technology and Stress in the Workplace Western movies have always portrayed cowboys with guns on their hips. Whoever draws the fastest, got to live longer than their opponents. Twenty- first century technology has replaced the guns with cell phones, blackberries, laptop computers, palm-pilots and other electronic gadgets. Memos that used to be type-written then mailed, progressed to being faxed when fax machines were invented. Electronic mail replaced the type-written variety and made communication globally instantaneous. Internet technologies and e-mail demand that employees respond immediately to requests for information. Executives nowadays are expected to be reached at anytime, anywhere, enabling them to have access to many sources of information as they become available. Incoming trays in offices were slowly replaced by e-mail inboxes. James Sewell in his article Handling the Stress of the Electronic World, wrote that the number of e-mail messages sent from businesses in North America has risen from 40 bill ion in 1995 to an estimated 1.4 trillion in 2001 (2003, para. 2). These improvements in technology have direct effects on stress in the workplace. They can relieve or cause stress, depending on the perception of the sender or the receiver. Speck defines stress as reaction to pressure, which may be positive or negative (1993, para. 3). Increased communication through the rampant use of cell phones and electronic mail between co-workers can both be an advantage and a disadvantage. The ability to rely on and base business decisions on the most recent information is definitely an advantage. Just in time communication is key to the growth and success of the business. However, receiving the average of 30 e-mails a day can prove to be a great distraction. Many computers announce incoming mail with the ding of a bell, and users frequently stop what they are doi...

The Life and Writing Style of Mark Twain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Life and Writing Style of Mark Twain - Essay Example By employing humor in his works, Twain was able to expose the bitter, realistic attributes of of society, religion and humanity. In fact, Twain’s two masterpieces â€Å"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County† and â€Å"Letters from the Earth† demonstrate Twain’s two kinds of humor. Mark Twain was born in 1835 as Samuel Langhorn Clemens, a man who had had numerous careers before he even turned 30 from being a journeyman printer to being a riverboat pilot. When he found a job at a newspaper company, he immediately adopted a pen name – Mark Twain. It was in 1865 when he gained overnight fame from his first masterpiece – a short story entitled â€Å"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,† and also a piece of work that practically displays Mark Twain’s typical writing style (Schultz). Most of Twain’s writings had in them local color realism and mainstream realism. For â€Å"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,† Twain employed local color realism and mainstream realism, while for â€Å"Letters from the Earth,† the author used sharp sarcasm and wit. In â€Å"The Celebrated Jumping Frog,† local color realism can be proven by Twain’s use of the dialect of the deep south. The vocabulary used by the character Simon Wheeler in short story is typical of local color realism. In the story, Wheeler uses â€Å"feller† instead of fellow, and contractions like â€Å"reg’lar† and â€Å"solit’ry† (Twain, â€Å"The Celebrated†).... ost curious,† â€Å"she don’t,† which is supposed to be â€Å"she doesn’t,† and â€Å"ketched† which stands for â€Å"catched† but which is supposed to be â€Å"caught.† (Twain, â€Å"The Celebrated†). Moreover, mainstream realism is also used in â€Å"The Celebrated Jumping Frog† as Twain mentions real life events like gambling and cheating. Both local color realism and mainstream realism attribute the realistic aspect of any literary work during the era of realism in literature. On the other hand, Twain employs sarcastic humor in â€Å"Letters from the Earth.† In fact, the whole story is heavily peppered with sarcasm. One of these instances is in saying that â€Å"[man] believes the Creator is proud of him; he even believes the Creator loves him† when in fact He does not (Twain, â€Å"Letters,† I). In fact, the picture of man as otherwise arrogant and proud is what he means by the aforemention ed example. Twain was therefore trying to awaken people through his sense of humor coupled with realistic elements. Satan also mentions in his letters that although human beings place sexual intercourse â€Å"far and away above all other joys,† they have somehow forgotten to include it in their idea of heaven (Twain, â€Å"Letters,† II). This now addresses a confusing issue about sex. If human beings consider the act as sexually and physically pleasurable as it is stated in the Bible, then why would the idea of sex be excluded from one’s perception of heaven? Twain addresses this issue in â€Å"Letters from the Earth† (Twain). As an addition to sarcasm, Twain used religious references in â€Å"Letters from the Earth† but references to the government in â€Å"The Celebrated Jumping Frog.† The purpose is to instill humor. Through the characters of the archangels Michael and Gabriel and

Marketing Communications Plan and Press Release for Viejas Essay

Marketing Communications Plan and Press Release for Viejas - Essay Example In this essay, the researcher develops a marketing communication plan for the Viejas Outlet Center in order to increase visitor numbers to the center so that it can survive the current recessionary downturn. The marketing plan includes such strategies, which will play their role in creating awareness among the public about the facilities and entertainment provided by Viejas Outlet Center as well as the new stores’ opening. The creation of a marketing plan is very vital for any business enterprise because it helps to create the entire business plan which is like the route map of the business. The major goals and objectives regarding development of marketing plan include increase in market share, achievement of market dominance, gaining competitive edge over the rivals, seasonal promotions, market penetration, and creating awareness among the public about the facilities and entertainment provided by the outlet. The researcher of this essay prepares a well structured marketing pl an, which will eliminate all flaws that exist in the existing marketing plans of Viejas Outlet Centre. Such modes of advertising will be used which will make every person aware of the new facilities and entertainment stuff provided by the centre. The researcher then concluds that in order to let the public know about the entertainment facilities to be provided by the Viejas Outlet Center, we will use different forms of media, such as, television, social websites, and radio regarding the openings of the new stores throughout the year.

Ben Franklin Essay Example for Free

Ben Franklin Essay As early as the founding of the United States of America, Mr. Franklin observed society using the excuse, I dont have enough time†¦ and it negative effects on their lives. Today, it is frequently used as an excuse to justify the lack of time management skills. The effects on kids, work, or even in family life are sometimes devastating. In a day there are 24 hours, and time is available to juggle the daunting task of daily routines and prevent unwanted consequences. The first area the phrase’s unwanted results prevail is in children. While frantically circling the kitchen, trying to prepare supper, a neighbor of mine completely astounded me. Janes son, Mathew, came into the kitchen through the old saloon style double doors, and asked his mom if he could walk uptown with his friends. Without batting an eye Jane answered the young boy, saying Go ahead son. I dont have enough time to worry about you right now,† as she carried on with the twirling of a whisk in a pot of stew. It was only a couple hours before I peered out the window to see Mathew coming home in the back of a police cruiser. I don’t have time†¦ opened the doors for the young, misguided youth to go astray. As a parent, I also find that I struggle with difficulties of my childrens academics when I dont have enough time for them. My oldest daughter, Krista, has made excellent grades throughout her entire academic career. Recently, she has asked if I can help her research paper and answer some questions she may have. I dont have enough time,† was my immediate response. Around three days went by and I found myself looking online through her grades. I noticed that on the research paper she turned in, she received a below standard grade. â€Å"I don’t have enough time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  left my daughter without important information she needed from me to complete her assignment. Another area the deceptive words, â€Å"I don’t have enough time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  has shown its unappealing effects are while interviewing for a new job. In 2010, my friend Jesse and I departed from the militar y. Throughout life Jesse continued to apply the values of neatness and time management he acquired from his military training to his life, while I chose to be stubborn and do the opposite. During an interview for a sales representative position at Bob Pforte Dodge, I noticed that Jesse had also applied for the position. While speaking to him, I noticed that he had dressed in his deep blue suit, red tie, and his hair had been neatly combed to the left. His presence demanded attention, with a look that showed his desire for the position. I on the other hand, had worn mildly tattered blue jeans, a pullover shirt, and my hair had been quickly brushed straight down. I don’t have enough time†¦ was the excuse I thought of at that moment. When Jesse came out of the interview room, he spun towards me and gave a smile with the proverbial, â€Å"Nailed it,† thumbs up. After entering the office I discovered what the excitement was about. Jonathan, an interviewer at Bob Pforte Dod ge, sat behind an old mahogany desk with his peppered hair slicked back, still euphorically commenting on how, That was a business man! As he continued to describe Jesse’s charismatic appearance and ‘top-notch’ charm, things he remembered to make time for, I dont have enough time, continued to rattle through my brain. Today, Jesse is the top sales representative at Bob Pforte Dodge, while I now wake up thirty minutes earlier and take time to assure that my appearance shows my positive characteristics. Finally, I dont have enough time†¦ ultimately affects the physical or mental attributes of humans. When time is not made to unwind and do something enjoyable, the outcome on our physical and/or mental well being could prove devastating. My grandfather worked hard his entire life. He never was able to find time for his family, friends, or even take a few minutes to enjoy life. Grandpa’s children would continuously ask their father to watch a movie, or play ball with them, during which he would reply sharply with â€Å"I don’t have enough time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He retired at the age of fifty-five, only to find that time found him. Sitting alone at home, all the people who once begged for his attention now find themselves with the same excuse. I dont have time right now, Dad, they would respond as they managed to juggle their own families, jobs, and children. He passed away at the very early age of fifty-seven. I dont have enough time, stole the valuable time his family needed with him and the unrelenting need the body has for ‘time’ to relax and heal. Thus proving the effects of using the old adage is not only devastating to the mental development of families, but also could have fatal effects on physical health as well. Our daily routines, should be closely examined when we find ourselves saying I dont have enough time. The consequences could be as small as losing the promotion or as large as hurting the people who cherish the valuable time they crave. I dont have time†¦ is a statement that, if possible should be avoided. The effects could prove to be less than anticipated. Making time for the things that are important is a valuable skill in life. â€Å"I don’t have time†¦,†as Mr. Franklin implied, is an excuse to spend more time doing things that are seldom good for anything.

Essay --

Lab Report 1 Allison M. Shaw Bio 302L Sec: 009 Thursday February 12th, 2014 Introduction: HL-60 cells were initially taken from a Caucasian female that had acute promyelocytic leukemia (Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson, 2002). These cells are good for studying cellular processes and under favorable conditions, are â€Å"immortal†. HL-60 cells have a relatively quick doubling time of no more than 48 hours, and do not experience apoptosis, which makes them â€Å"immortal† (Cirtain, et. al, 2002). The HL-60 cell line’s immortality is instrumental when it comes to finding possible treatments for patients with leukemia, which is of interest to researchers. This immortality attribute is also critical for studying mechanisms of monocyte and granulocyte differentiation (Collins, 1987). Another quality about the HL-60 cell line that is equally important is its ability to differentiate into the white blood cell line (Collins, 1987). Granulocytes and monocytes are the two most important types of differentiated cells in this experiment, although white blood cells also differentiate into macrophage-like cells and eosinophils (Collins, 1987). Compounds occurring naturally that induce HL-60 cell line differentiation include Vitamin D (Collins, 1987). Chemical inducers, such as DMSO and PMA in this experiment, can induce HL-60 cells to differentiate into cells along the myeloid path (Cirtain et al,. 2002). DMSO is studied as a control for PMA treatment conditions and is used to make PMA solution. It causes HL-60 cells to differentiate mostly into granulocytes (Cirtain et al,. 2002). The control in this experiment is cells treated with DMSO, and is done to show DMSO has no effect on PMA (Cirtain et al,. 2002). Using kinase C, PMA activates cert... ...he line. Further studies could allow researchers to gain valuable information possibly leading to cures for numerous cancer types. References: Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson. â€Å"Chapter 3.† Power Point. Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual. Great River Tech. Web. 8 Feb 2014. Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson. â€Å"Chapter 4.† Power Point. Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual. Great River Tech. Web. 8 Feb 2014. Collins, S. J. "The HL-60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line: Proliferation, Differentiation, and Cellular Oncogene Expression." The Blood Journal 70 (1987): 1233-1244. Xie, Bei, Amale Laouar, and Eliezer Huberman. "Fibronectin-mediated Cell Adhesion Is Required for Induction of 92-kDa Type IV Collagenase/Gelatinase (MMP-9) Gene Expression during Macrophage Differentiation." The Journal of Biological Chemistry (1998): 1576-1582.

Define The Phrase Organizational Politics Commerce Essay

Bearing in head the theories you have read so far, and with particular mention to theories of individuality, you are asked to utilize your hunt accomplishments to happen out what research workers are stating about the nature and intent of organisational political relations. For 30 % of your concluding class, you are required to compose an essay of about 3,000 words, to be submitted via Turnitin.com ( category ID is 3177884 and the watchword is unity ) . Do non subject until after 20 April, 2010In the context of an organisation with which you are familiar, depict the function and extent of organisational political relations. Describe the intent for which you perceive political action to be used in your organisation, and whether the effects are good or otherwise for the organisation. Explain what the deductions are for effectual communications within the organisation.Extra note: It should be clear that as the class coordinator, I perceive there to be a strong connexion between â€Å" theories of individuality † and â€Å" organisational political relations † You may non hold, and I am really happy either manner, every bit long as you take the clip to analyze the grounds for and against such a connexion, and do your instance consequently. Your essay will be marked in conformity with the undermentioned scheme: Standard Mark Essay demonstrates the ability to critically measure anterior literature on the subject 30 Essay demonstrates a good apprehension of the theories relevant to issues of individuality and organisational political relations 30 Essay demonstrates the ability to concept and pass on logical and persuasive statements backed up with approriate commendations from literature. 30 Essay is good structured, grammatical and proof read. Citations are decently formatted to APA manner. 10 Entire 100 % Start reading now! Do non get down composing until you have gained sufficient scholarly cognition to warrant that action. Punishments will use ( as per the class lineation ) for lateness or important going ( over or under ) from the suggested word count Pursuit ofA individualA agendasA and opportunism in an organisation without respect to their consequence on theA organization'sA attempts toA achieveA itsA ends.ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICSWhen we heard about the word political relations, most people find the negative intension. Its really rare when word political relations use in a positive mode. Political accomplishments can be leveraged to pull strings others and can be used to act upon them to accomplish more than they thought possible. When we struggle to happen out the right manner and non able to win in our several watercourses, we ever criticize others for being excessively political and and playing dirty fast ones. Different people have different perceptual experiences about organisational political relations, it may be positive or negative, good or bad depends upon the individual to whom you ask. Organizationa political relations sometimes taken as a informal manner to do attempts to act upon different people and organisation to accomplish single ends and aims. In organisation point of position, if single is holding power he/she must be careful to do usage of power to act upon the manner which is good for the organisation to accomplish awaited ends or aims and besides their personal growing. For the success of any organisation and to accomplish high public presentation moving politically or political behavior is slightly indispensable. When we think about our workplace where we work, there are tonss of people to whom we have to interact or we have the relationship in one sense. By coordination of everybody in the relationship, we are able to carry through our work. When there is a soothing relationship among all people, more likely you are acquire along and travel in front. When everybody tries to work seriously in the relationships, everything will be given to work good. But unluckily few people ever try to work excessively difficult to acquire in front by ruling in their on the job relationships instead than their work. Sometimes people involved in making duties and all kinds of political plotting in work that leads to a politically charged work environment. Its erstwhile rather thwarting to work in an environment where political relations supersede over competency and accomplishments. It sometimes hard for the employee who is new to an organisation or holding less experiences in covering with these sort of polit ically filled state of affairss. To acquire rid of political state of affairss in an organisations, we need togo through a proper channel to avoid compromising farther. We need to speak to the people straight to decide the affairs and if direct conversation with the people non doing adequate advancement in resoving the things so its better to intensify it to the supervisor or managerial degree. Sometimes it happens that directors besides involves in the political state of affairs so in thi instance you need to take the advice of the human resource director for farther actions. Politicss and Organizational power plays an of import function in an organisation. In some of the organisations it does n't count at all but insome of the organisations its like a blood athletics. There are certain factors which can be used to cognize how of import is political relations for an organisation — Quality of coommunciation between theworking squad and the higher-ups in the undertaking and in the section — How freely people can pass on within their squad members or with the section caputs — By larning different organisational civilization — Notice employees are blandishing their directors or foreman and affecting in otiose things for self publicity instead than difficult work, you will come to cognize the organisational manner of honoring people on their behavior Its better to unattached with political relations in an organisational and maintain your relationship unfastened and friendly and accrue web with assortment of people. After a considerable sum of clip you spend in the organisation, you will come to cognize the organisational civilization and how much you want to affect in organisational political relations maintaining in head to accomplish your personal aims. Organizational political relations is seemingly have a negative image in an organisation but it non so inherently bad. Its better to aware about different potentially rough facets of organisational political relations in order to minimise the negative consequence. Sometimes new employee to an organisation without cognizing the civilization and political accomplishment and consciousness, there would be a opportunities of acquiring immersed in narrow minded political relations and destructive power battles. I think workplace Politics is an indispensable and natural portion of an organisation and employees with different involvement and mentality are their assets. To be successful in the organisation, one should ever be engaged in political relations merely in positive sense. Its non like people are ever positively involved in political relations, some of the employees in a negative sense usage political relations by affecting in use, hidden planning for personal additions. Peoples affecting in these types of behavior are non considered as sanctioned by the organisation. Sometimes these types of behavior involved put excess attempts informely to acquire blessing for a particular undertaking, utilize improper channels to take attending during all the official events to foreground ourself in forepart of senior directors during the clip of publicities. Sometimes people who are non affect in any sort of such behaviour feel themselves on a trench because of the unjust determinations of the se nior directors of the organisation in footings of publicity, wagess and grasp. This is sometimes I feel is a loophole in the direction of an organisation by non acknowledging the valuable work done by an employee who did n't be a portion of political behavior or ego functioning behavior. If the company is over driven by these sort of political behavior, so employees start experiencing frustrated in the company, there will be less occupation satisfaction and he/she start executing worst in the organisation. This sometimes become an alarming issue for the Human resource people, if employees start go forthing occupations often merely because of negative political relations been played in their undertakings. Organization demands to believe about the solutions related to minimise the negative side of the political behavior which is good for maintaining their assets satisfy who are non really involved in the organisational political relations. There should be an equal and unfastened system to garner information about the undertakings for each and every employee, leaders can promote project members to organize a theoretical account demoing collaborative behavior in all facets of work and besides its should be informed ab initio that doing political schemes will non be remunerated or tolerated in the organisation. The Prominent ground what I understand of utilizing political relations in an organisation is because of the competition among the employees to derive power and leading. Political power sometimes use to understand what people really desire or fear and use that understanding to act upon their behavior. This help them to understanding organisation civilization, visualise the the ends and aims of company every bit good as personal. There surely a negative side of the organisational political relations with backstabbing, use, flattering, corrupting but the key to a succesfful calling is to keep a healthy relationship and repute among all the employees in a company. You want to act in an organisation as a nice participant and attempt to do win- win state of affairs in different stages profiting the company every bit good. You need to keep unity while constructing relationships. Organizational political relations is closely related to Leadership properties and it can be understood by the fact that leading ever occurs in the context of bulk or a group where members are ever influenced by leader to guarantee they are focused towards accomplishing awaited ends or results of the workdone. Political environment in an organisation is really much impacted by a leader through authorization, influence and power under different fortunes and its clearly seeable during nonsubjective scene, determination devising, promoting people in a group, interaction in a squad with members to accrue relationships etc. Leadership qualities which developed internally in the organisation in the person have advantage of apprehension of general political relations bing in the several organisation. While leaders join the organisation subsequently or new joiners will hold to put some clip ab initio to larn and understand the prevailing political relations through interaction between the gr oups and senior employees in the organisation. They must be focussed while interaction and assorted organisational activities to understand the flow of information that initiates political clime in the organisation. From organisational point of position, it ‘s really indispensable for the leaders to take the advantage of the political accomplishments and the environment to maximize the organisational productiveness in footings of result and satisfaction degree of the employees. Individual and organisational ancestors can boh take to political behavior: Individual Ancestors: There are figure of latent political ancestors of political behavior in an organisation. Employees holding effectual political accomplishments are more successful at their occupations or atleast in act uponing different people, co-workers, higher-ups etc and besides they can do a difference in doing schemes for accomplishing organisational ends and aims. If single are more profoundly involved in assorted activities in an organisation or extremely invested in an organisation either financially or emotionally so there are more opportunities for them to affect in political behavior. Besides there is one more strong ground to attach politically with the company, if persons anticipate they will be successful in altering the result of the company, more likely they will hold a considerable part in making a political clime. If they think they can act upon an result so they might pass more clip and resources to consequence the result. Organizational Ancestors: Any sort of uncertainness in an organisation can associate to organisational political relations. For illustration When employees are in the province where they can non experience comfy with their occupation duties, they observe the organisation as more political. This function based uncertainness allows employees to negociate and redefine their responsibilities and functions in the given fortunes. Uncertainty besides prevails during publicities and rating of the public presentation, sometimes it leads to a extremely political behavior like feeling direction throughout the organisation. Actually employees at the lower degree of organisations assume their organisation excessively driven by political relations, who are non satisfied with their occupations and misanthropic about future success in their organisations..

Help Seeking Behavior Health And Social Care Essay

Two reported eruptions of rubeolas in extremely immunized hilly countries were investigated under two bomber centres, viz. , Sailli and Sarah. In Sailli, the entire figure of instances were 51 with overall attack rate-6 % ; ( Sex Specific AR-male 12 % while female 7 % ) 4 ; and in Sarah there were 18 instances in all with overall onslaught rate as 4.2 % ; ( Sex specific AR-male 6.94 % and the female 7.2 % ) 5. All the instance patients belonged to 5 old ages plus age group ( Range being 5 old ages to 17 old ages ) during the period from September to November, 2006. The last reported eruption of rubeolas in the block was 8-9 old ages ago. During the same period no such eruptions were reported from any other blocks within the territory. Hence, a survey was undertaken with the aims ; ( 1 ) To depict the aid seeking behaviour of female parents of kids with and without rubeolas and the factors associated with it and ( 2 ) To urge appropriate remedial steps to forestall and command farther eruptions.MATERIALS AND METHODS:For this survey an in-depth reappraisal of the literature on the aid seeking behaviour of female parents and subsequent factors associated with rubeolas eruptions enabled choice of specific issues/factors. Many factors are reported to be associated with rubeolas such as geographically hard hilly countries, hapless socio-economic strata with unemployment ; marginalized subdivisions like scheduled castes/tribes ; illiteracy, overcrowding, beneficiary related issues like aid seeking behaviour of female parents ; community/mothers ‘ beliefs and barriers of people seeking health/help from the local chelllas/quacks/village elders/relatives/ neighbours/ /friends6. ( A ) Study design: A comparative survey. ( B ) Study period: 14th Nov. , to 14th Feb. , 2008. ( C ) Study country: Sub centres Sailli and Sarah, Shahpur block ( Measles outbreak Exposed ) and sub centres Mallan and Samloti of Nagrota Bagwan ( Measles not exposed ) block of territory Kangra which are more or less likewise placed. ( D ) Study population: Community members for Focus Group Discussions and female parents of kids ( from 5 old ages to 17 old ages ) with and without rubeolas of bomber centres Sailli and Sarah, Shahpur block ( Exposed ) and sub Centres Mallan and Samloti of Nagrota Bagwan comparative ( Non exposed ) block of territory Kangra. ( Tocopherol ) Sample size: Community members for 4 Focus Group Discussions ( FGD ) with ( two FGDs-one male and 2nd female ) for instances. One FGD consists of 20 males and likewise, 2nd one with 20 females individually under Shahpur block and equal Numberss of FGDs for comparing under Nagrota Bagwan block ; and all female parents of entire 69 instance patients of two eruptions in the Shahpur block with exposure to rubeolas ( 5 old ages to 17 old ages with average 9 old ages ) in survey country with equal number-age and sex matched in comparative Nagrota Bagwan block were taken while the population features were the same. ( F ) Operational definitions of Measless: WHO definition: We defined a instance as the happening of febrility with roseola with or without cough ; rhinitis and pinkeye in a occupant of the small towns under bomber Centres Sailli and Sarah of Shahpur block ( Kangra ) between 1st September to 30th November 2006.( G ) Data aggregation technique and tools: Study squad:Beneficiary related issues: We carried out an appraisal of aid seeking behaviour of female parents of instances and female parents of age and sex matched controls in comparative block utilizing Focus Group Discussions ( FGDs ) and in-depth interviews of all female parents of entire 69 instance patients with exposure to rubeolas in survey and comparative blocks. For this exercising, we constituted two squads of wellness workers. In each squad, there were six wellness workers ; three males and three females and they were supervised by two male wellness supervisors. The whole squad was trained and supervised by two senior med ical officers. This procedure was carried out by interviews utilizing check list of inquiries and interview agenda utilizing qualitative standardised questionnaire. We besides compared the responses for four FGDs and in-depth qualitative interviews of all female parents of entire 69 instance patients of two eruptions in survey Shahpur and comparative Nagrota Bagwan blocks. We sought and obtained clearance from ethical commission from National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai. We analyzed the informations by MS-excel sheet, Stat calc and utilizing Epi info version 3.3.2.Consequence:Brief description of both countries: Topographically and demographically, both blocks are more or less likewise placed. Both the survey blocks are hilly situated at the height of 2600 pess to 2900 pess above the sea degree. Population features of both blocks are more or less same. 25-30 % of SC/ST and 4-5 % of ST with 30 % of OBC classs and remainder others constitute the caste constellation. In instance block, we have 36 bomber centres, 5 primary wellness centres, one community wellness Centre with 90 % of the adult male power in place while in comparative block, 38 bomber Centres, 5 primary wellness Centres and two community wellness Centres with 95 % of human resource in place.Beneficiaries related issues:Distribution of baseline features in the survey group: Age: The average age of the instance and comparative groups kids was 9 old ages while mean was 9.6 and the manner was 6 ( scope being 5-17years ) , as the survey was matched for age and sex merely. So, out of 69 instances, 35 ( 51 % ) instance group and comparative group were ?9 old ages and 34 ( 49 % ) kids were & A ; gt ; 9years of age. Sexual activity: The proportion of the males in instances and controls were high 43 ( 62.3 % ) while those of the females were 26 ( 37.7 % ) . Religion: All instance and comparative groups were belonging to Hindu faith. Type of household: Merely 45 instances ( 65.2 % ) and 49 ( 71.0 % ) were holding the atomic households. The cultural epidemiology and aid seeking behaviour of female parents of kids in Shahpur and Nagrota Bagwan blocks were assessed with ( I ) Focus Group Discussions and ( two ) for in-depth qualitative interviews, we recruited all 69 female parents for entire instance patients and equal Numberss in 1st comparative group from Shahpur block and 2nd one from non rubeolas Nagrota Bagwan block. They were exposed to the selected variables for cognizing socio-economic position ; the community every bit good as the personal beliefs/barriers of the female parents of the affected and non affected countries coupled with cognition, attitude and pattern ; clip and distance from wellness attention installation ; attitude towards the heath system variables etc. In the Shahpur/Nagrota Bagwan blocks, 20 females and 20 males from the different nearby small towns participated in each block. The educational degrees of the females participants in Shahpur/Nagrota Bagwan blocks varied from nonreaders ( 24/8 in figure ) ; 5th criterion ( 10/6 ) ; Middle criterion ( 4/10 ) Matric criterion ( 2/16 ) while those of the males participants fluctuated from nonreaders ( 14/6 in figure ) ; 5th criterion ( 16/12 ) ; Middle criterion ( 2/10 ) ; Matric criterion ( 6/10 ) to Graduate ( 2/2 ) . In Shahpur block, the two groups of the participants had a sum of 43 ( 40 three ) kids, out of which 15 have suffered from rubeolas. All the kids were immunized against rubeolas. In Nagrota Bagwan block, the two groups of the participants had a sum of 36 ( 30 six ) kids, out of which six have suffered from rubeolas. All the kids were immunized against rubeolas. From the above noted four FGDs ( 40 males and 40 females ) and in-depth qualitative interviews, ( 69 female pare nts of instance block and 69 female parents of comparative block ) , we concluded the undermentioned critical points from all the respondents of both blocks. In Shahpur and Nagrota Bagwan blocks, rubeolas is locally known as Dharrssali largely, ( 80 % ) followed by less known as Chhotti mata ( 15 % ) and the least as Bodri ( 5 % ) . For bodily experience of rubeolas, 95 % respondents in Shahpur block have the personal experience in over 5 old ages of age but 25 % respondents in Nagrota Bagwan block do non hold the bodily experience of rubeolas outbreak in the country. All rubeolas related information has been largely heard or got from other beginnings. On aetiologic standing, 68 % respondents under Shahpur block property rubeolas to the expletive of goddess-Mata Ka vardaan hei and hence no flight path while the 55 % respondents in Nagrota Bagwan block grade contagion-chhoot is the causative factor. For wellness ( aid ) seeking behaviour of female parents, bulk ( 68 % ) of the respondents under Shahpur block spell by the established community belief and barrier that the free traditional intervention by faith therapists who recites mantras and Vannan shrubs motion on the organic structure and face of the instance patient for three to five yearss ; followed by 12 % by small town elders/neighbors/friends/relatives and in conclusion, if needed, confer withing physicians in the nearby wellness attention installations. 85 % of the people of the instance country go for the traditional therapists. The cost of intervention scopes from nil to Rs.350/- for Shahpur block whereas that of Nagrota Bagwan block, it is Rs. 200/- to Rs. 1200/- merely. 59 % of the respondents in Nagrota Bagwan block prefer modern system of intervention. For the inoculation of the kids, they have to go as long hilly distance as over 6-10 kilometers on pes devouring 3/4th hr to 2 and ? hr for nearest available wellness attention installation with long waiting clip in uncertainness. For the first aid when their kid falls badly, as per their community/mothers ‘ beliefs, Shahpur block chiefly goes for faith therapists but the minority educated females ( 18 % ) from immature coevals insist for allopathic intervention while Nagrota Bagwan block respondents ( 65 % ) opts for authorities wellness attention installations but the minority older coevals ( 14 % ) still advocates for religion healing. Nutritional attention to the Dharrssali ( Measles ) afflicted kid is given in the signifier of restricted diet, Saunfi Banaksha, illaychi, decoction made of Gur ( Local autochthonal intervention expression ) . Seul ( Heat emancipating comestible ) should be given in copiousness and smoke Sarson ( Mustard seeds ) is blown under the fingerstall of the patient and the fried points be avoided. As a follow up patterns in the station recovery stage from unwellness, 58 % respondents from Shahpur block invoke the approvals of the goddess Sheetla. 69 % respondents acknowledge the visit of the local wellness worker one time in a month while in Nagrota Bagwan block, 74 % female parents confirms the frequence of visit of worker as twice in a month. For immunisation, 85 % respondents in instance block and 90 % in 2nd block go for inoculation in their several bomber Centres at the age of nine months to one twelvemonth. It is 100 % female parents all the manner who take kids to the Centre for inoculation. Protective value of vitamin A supplementation has been emphasized by 45 % respondents from Nagrota Bagwan block. 94 % of the respondents for instance block have indicated their pick Centre for immunisation and wellness seeking patterns for the common complaints in the center of small town which should be easy accessible with regular handiness of the worker at bomber Centre Sailli.Discussion:Our survey consequences need to be interpreted in context of the major factor, viz. donees ‘ related issues. The consequences of FGDs in two countries suggest difference in two countries with regard to knowledge sing cause of rubeolas, aid seeking behaviour, intervention and follow-up patterns. Illiteracy and cognition are complimentary. Added with beliefs and barriers in the present survey, many important factors like geographically hard hilly countries, nonreader female parents, marginalized subdivisions like scheduled castes/tribes ; poorness etc are more inclined towards traditional unscientific lines in footings of cause and consequence. Measles is locally known as Dharrssali. Shahpur block hypothesize the generation of rubeolas as expletive of goddess despite high immunisation coverage in the countries. Mahapatro M et Al observed that bhattara tribal adult females believe that rubeolas ( gundi ) and varicella ( maa ) occur due to the wrath of the Goddess ( thakurani ) on the patient, they visit the ‘desari ‘ instead than a medical practitioner7. More crowded instances of rubeolas are at that place d ue to their individual roomed adjustment and poorness in instance block. For the first aid when their kid falls badly, as per their community /mothers beliefs, Shahpur block chiefly goes for free of cost religion therapists. A good ball of female parents of the instance country go for the traditional intervention merely because of poorness and illiteracy in the country coupled with stiff personal and community beliefs The other grounds may be ill-mannered behaviour of wellness suppliers with hard handiness and handiness of the wellness suppliers with long waiting clip in uncertainness. The cost of intervention is non easy low-cost for Shahpur block. Jagrati V et Al observed that besides economic barriers, the other 1s are hapless agencies of transit and long distances8. Nutritional attention to the Dharrssali afflicted kid is given in the signifier of restricted diet, Saunfi Banaksha, illaychi, decoction made of Gur. Seul ( Heat emancipating comestible ) should be given in copiousne ss and smoke Sarson ( Mustard seeds ) is blown under the fingerstall of the patient which eases rubeolas roseola to break out shortly. Avoid the fried points. Restricted nutrient with Seul rich diet during rubeolas was more operable in instance block. Belief barriers like nutrient and fruit turning away farther enhances vitamin A lack. The badness and continuance of unwellness were less in Shahpur instance block with vitamin A supplementation. Vitamin A supplementation has the protective function in cut downing the morbidity and mortality during the rubeolas outbreaks9. Mayfong Mayxay et Al recorded that the proportion of parents who practiced nutrient turning away behaviour was higher in the group with measles10 which agree with our survey consequences. The community ailment beliefs are more powerful in instance block like bulks of respondents in Shahpur block believe that rubeolas has to look one time in life clip owing to the approvals of Sheetla mata-the culprit of the unwellnes s. As a follow up patterns in the station recovery stage from unwellness, so they invoke the approvals of the goddess Sheetla. On the other manus, population in Nagrota Bagwan block were cognizant of rubeolas as a disease caused by close contact with septic individual, resorted to intervention and followup by qualified physicians at healthcare installation. Mothers in comparative block country had better entree to healthcare installations as compared to instance country. From in deepness interviews it was apparent that though socio-cultural and economic factors were more favourable among comparative group female parents as compared to instance respondents. The surveies by Ratho RK11 et Al, VK Desai et al12, Murray M and Rasmussen Z13, Jagvir Singh et al14, R. F. Grais et al15 and Munesh SK et al16 support our observations.Restrictions:Recall prejudice could hold occurred with regard to remembrance of immunisation of the kids of the both survey countries. However, the prejudice could use to both survey countries. So the prejudice would be non derived function.Decision:-Majorities of the female parents with or without rubeolas in the hills seek traditional first aid ( such as intervention seeking and follow-up patterns of female parents ) during unwellness to quacks/chelas/faith therapists on history of hapless socio-cultural, economic factors ; myths and misconceptions ; malformed beliefs and barriers. -Distant and hard entree to healthcare installation in geographically tough countries is besides one of precipitating factors.Recommendations:Aggressive Information, Education and Communication ( IEC ) activities should be addressed towards modifying the aid seeking behaviour of female parents in the territory, particularly in the rubeolas affected countries. It has to be targeted and boosted for economic and societal behavioural alteration instead than informing the community. The duty has to be shared both by wellness suppliers, wellness searchers and community. Access to wellness attention installation needs to be improved through proviso of nomadic services on a regular basis in the distant countries.

The Science Behind Glow-in-the-Dark Products

The Science Behind Glow-in-the-Dark Products Glow-in-the-dark powders, glow sticks, ropes, etc., are all fun examples of products using luminescence, but do you know the science behind how it works? The Science Behind Glow-in-the-Dark Glow-in-the-dark falls under several different sciences including: Photoluminescence by definition is the emission of light from a molecule or atom that has absorbed electromagnetic energy. Examples include fluorescence and phosphorescence materials. The glow-in-the-dark plastic constellation kits that you stick on your wall or ceiling are an example of a photoluminescence-based product.Bioluminescence is the light emitted by living organisms using an internal chemical reaction (think deep sea creatures).Chemiluminescence is the emission of light without the emission of heat as the result of a chemical reaction (e.g., glowsticks),Radioluminescence is created by the bombardment of ionizing radiation. Chemiluminescence and photoluminescence are behind the majority of glow-in-the-dark products. According to Alfred University professors, the distinct difference between chemical luminescence and photoluminescence is that for light to work via chemical luminescence, a chemical reaction has to occur. However, during photoluminescence, light is released without a chemical reaction. The History of Glow-in-the-Dark Phosphorus and its various compounds are phosphorescents or materials that glow-in-the-dark. Before knowing about phosphorus, its glowing properties were reported in ancient writings. The oldest known written observations were made in China, dating back to 1000 BCE regarding fireflies and glow-worms. In 1602, Vincenzo Casciarolo discovered the phosphorus-glowing Bolognian Stones just outside of Bologna, Italy. This discovery started the first scientific study of photoluminescence. Phosphorus was first isolated in 1669 by German physician Hennig Brand. He was an alchemist who was attempting to change metals into gold when he isolated phosphorus. All photoluminescence glow-in-the-dark products contain phosphor. To make a glow-in-the-dark toy, toymakers use a phosphor that is energized by normal light and that has a very long persistence (the length of time it glows). Zinc Sulfide and Strontium Aluminate are the two most commonly used phosphors. Glowsticks Several patents were issued for Chemiluminescent Signal Devices during the early seventies that were used for naval signaling. Inventors Clarence Gilliam and Thomas Hall patented the first Chemical Lighting Device in October 1973 (Patent 3,764,796). However, it is not clear who patented the very first glowstick designed for play. In December 1977, a patent was issued for a Chemical Light Device to inventor Richard Taylor Van Zandt (U.S. Patent 4,064,428). Zandts design was the first to add a steel ball inside the plastic tube that when shook would break the glass ampoule and start the chemical reaction. Many toy glowsticks were built based on this design. Modern Glow-in-the-Dark Science Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a contactless, nondestructive method of probing the electronic structure of materials. This is from a patent-pending technology developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory that uses small organic molecule materials to create organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) and other electronics. Scientists in Taiwan say they have bred three pigs that glow-in-the-dark.